<?xml version="1.0"?>
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	<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Veronika.Rybkova</id>
	<title>Wikisofia - Příspěvky uživatele [cs]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Veronika.Rybkova"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky/Veronika.Rybkova"/>
	<updated>2026-04-20T14:41:49Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Příspěvky uživatele</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.33.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Etymologies&amp;diff=18215</id>
		<title>Etymologies</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Etymologies&amp;diff=18215"/>
		<updated>2015-03-09T16:55:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Harbour ==&lt;br /&gt;
Harbour (BE)/Harbor (AmE)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; &amp;quot;harbour.&amp;quot; OED Online Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web 3 March 2015. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* ME word has been assumed to be taken from Norse, but the phonology points rather to an OE type (might be taken from Norse).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* The history shows two lines of phonetic change: &lt;br /&gt;
** her -&amp;gt; her &lt;br /&gt;
** the weakening of the second element to –ber, -bor, -bour &lt;br /&gt;
** The current form “harbour” exhibits both of these changes. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Various spellings – it appears in modern-day form (both BE and AmE) in 17th century &lt;br /&gt;
* Meanings: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
** a.	Shelter, lodging, entertainment: sojourn, abode – as early as mid-12th century (spelled as herbyrȝe)  &lt;br /&gt;
** b.	The “house,” mansion, zodiac (Chaucer) &lt;br /&gt;
** c.	Retreat of wild animals &lt;br /&gt;
** d.	Used figuratively &lt;br /&gt;
** e.	Port (late 13th century) &lt;br /&gt;
** f.	Airship shed/hangar (1909, 1912) &lt;br /&gt;
** g.	A vessel used for mixing ingredients for glass making (19th century) &lt;br /&gt;
** h.	A number of compounds&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harbor}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sinister&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;“sinister” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 3 Mar 2015 &amp;lt;http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180206?redirectedFrom=sinister#eid&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''forms:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: synystre, synistre, sinistre; syne-, sinester; syny-, syni-, sinister; senestre, sene-, seni-, senyster&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ModE: sinister&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
stress: siˈnister (17th, 18th ct.), ˈsinister&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- from Old French senestre, sinistre or Latin sinister (meaning 'left' or 'left-hand' - the opposite of dexter; the original meaning is present in ModE but mainly archaic/used in Heraldry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''meanings:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*original meaning: on the left side of the body; lying towards the left hand; situated on the left hand of a shield (Heraldry)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*given with intent to deceive or mislead, esp. so as to create a prejudice against some person; false and dishonest - about information, suggestions, advice, etc. (obsolete - 15th, 16th century)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*prejudicial, adverse, unfavourable, suspicious - about opinions (15th-17th ct.) - e.g. Some evil Suspicion or sinister Thoughts concerning me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*dishonest, unfair; not straightforward, underhand; dark - about actions, practices (common in 1470-1650)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*corrupt, evil, bad - e.g. He speaks of bad manners and vitious humors and sinister affections,..as envy, contention, contumacy, incontinency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*portending or indicating misfortune or disaster; full of dark or gloomy suggestiveness; inauspicious, unfavourable - about omens (originally denoting omens seen on the left hand, which was regarded as the unlucky side)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*unlucky, unfortunate (common in 1580-1670)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*unfavourable, harmful, prejudicial to a person&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== '''DEXTEROUS'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/51667?redirectedFrom=dexterous#eid&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms: '''dextrous, adj.;''' '''dexterious adj., &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Pronunciation: ''' /ˈdɛkstərəs/ /ˈdɛkstrəs/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymology:  '''&amp;lt; Latin dexter, dextr- right, handy, dexterous, dextra the right hand + -OUS suffix. If an analogous word had been formed in Latin, it would have been dextrōsus; hence dextrous (compare sinistrous) is the more regular form; but dexterous appears to prevail in 19th cent. prose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''meanings:'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Situated on the right side or right-hand; right, as opposed to left; = DEXTER adj. 1, DEXTRAL adj., --&amp;gt; ''Example: '''''1646  ''' SIR T. BROWNE Pseudodoxia Epidemica IV. v. 190   “The dextrous and sinistrous parts of the body.” &lt;br /&gt;
* In a bad sense: ‘Clever’, crafty, cunning. ''Obs. '' &lt;br /&gt;
* Handy, convenient, suitable, fitting. ''Obs.'' &lt;br /&gt;
* Deft or nimble of hand, neat-handed&lt;br /&gt;
* Having mental adroitness or skill; skilful or expert in contrivance or management&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Glamour ==&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms''': ''glamer'', ''glamor, glammar, glamour''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Pronunciation''': /ˈɡlæmə(r)/ &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymology''': originally coming from Scots as a corrupt form of ''grammar''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Meaning''':&lt;br /&gt;
* magic, enchantment, spell (e.g. in the phrase to cast the glamour over sb)&lt;br /&gt;
* a dellusive or alluring charm&lt;br /&gt;
* attractiveness; feminine beauty&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8759</id>
		<title>Lord</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8759"/>
		<updated>2014-11-18T09:06:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms'''-&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''&lt;br /&gt;
       &lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymological constituents'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''hláf'' (meaning &amp;quot;bread&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;loaf&amp;quot;) + ''weard'' (meaning &amp;quot;keeper&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ward&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phonological development-'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ct- dropping of the intervocalic ''v'' + contraction of vowels → monosyllabic word ''lord''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Primary meaning'''- &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;the head of the household&amp;quot; in his relation to the servants and dependents who 'eat his bread'. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This can be compared with OE ''hláf-ǽta'' (literary meaning &amp;quot;bread-eater&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;servant&amp;quot;).  &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The word was later adopted as the customary rendering of Latin ''dominus'' (meaning &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Other meanings-'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In early use- the word applied for any man of exalted position in a kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern use- the word used as equivalent to &amp;quot;nobleman&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In current use- &amp;quot;a peer&amp;quot;, or for a person entitled to the prefix ''Lord'' by courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 14. ct- &amp;quot;an owner, possessor, proprietor&amp;quot; (now poetical, PDE ''landlord'' is preferred)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Lindisfarne Gospel (950 AD)- &amp;quot;a master of servants&amp;quot; (now obsolete)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Anglo-Saxon Chronicle- specific use &amp;quot;a feudal superior&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8758</id>
		<title>Lord</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8758"/>
		<updated>2014-11-18T09:05:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms'''-&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''&lt;br /&gt;
       &lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymological constituents'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''hláf'' (meaning &amp;quot;bread&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;loaf&amp;quot;) + ''weard'' (meaning &amp;quot;keeper&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ward&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phonological development-'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ct- dropping of the intervocalic ''v'' + contraction of vowels → monosyllabic word ''lord''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Primary meaning'''- &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;the head of the household&amp;quot; in his relation to the servants and dependents who 'eat his bread'. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This can be compared with OE ''hláf-ǽta'' (literary meaning &amp;quot;bread-eater&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;servant&amp;quot;).  &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The word was later adopted as the customary rendering of Latin ''dominus'' (meaning &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Other meanings-'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In early use- the word applied for any man of exalted position in a kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern use- the word used as equivalent to &amp;quot;nobleman&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In current use- &amp;quot;a peer&amp;quot;, or for a person entitled to the prefix ''Lord'' by courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 14. ct- &amp;quot;an owner, possessor, proprietor&amp;quot; (now poetical, PDE ''landlord'' is preferred)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Lindisfarne Gospel (950 AD)- &amp;quot;a master of servants&amp;quot; (now obsolete)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Anglo-Saxon Chronicle- specific use &amp;quot;a feudal superior&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&amp;quot;lord, n.&amp;quot; OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2014. Web. 18 November 2014.&amp;lt;/references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8757</id>
		<title>Lord</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8757"/>
		<updated>2014-11-18T09:05:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms'''-&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''&lt;br /&gt;
       &lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymological constituents'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''hláf'' (meaning &amp;quot;bread&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;loaf&amp;quot;) + ''weard'' (meaning &amp;quot;keeper&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ward&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phonological development-'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ct- dropping of the intervocalic ''v'' + contraction of vowels → monosyllabic word ''lord''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Primary meaning'''- &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;the head of the household&amp;quot; in his relation to the servants and dependents who 'eat his bread'. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This can be compared with OE ''hláf-ǽta'' (literary meaning &amp;quot;bread-eater&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;servant&amp;quot;).  &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The word was later adopted as the customary rendering of Latin ''dominus'' (meaning &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Other meanings-'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In early use- the word applied for any man of exalted position in a kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern use- the word used as equivalent to &amp;quot;nobleman&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In current use- &amp;quot;a peer&amp;quot;, or for a person entitled to the prefix ''Lord'' by courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 14. ct- &amp;quot;an owner, possessor, proprietor&amp;quot; (now poetical, PDE ''landlord'' is preferred)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Lindisfarne Gospel (950 AD)- &amp;quot;a master of servants&amp;quot; (now obsolete)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Anglo-Saxon Chronicle- specific use &amp;quot;a feudal superior&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;lord, n.&amp;quot; OED Online. Oxford University Press, September 2014. Web. 18 November 2014.&amp;lt;/references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8356</id>
		<title>Lord</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8356"/>
		<updated>2014-11-15T09:55:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''LORD'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms'''-&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''&lt;br /&gt;
       &lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymological constituents'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''hláf'' (meaning &amp;quot;bread&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;loaf&amp;quot;) + ''weard'' (meaning &amp;quot;keeper&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ward&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phonological development-'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ct- dropping of the intervocalic ''v'' + contraction of vowels → monosyllabic word ''lord''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Primary meaning'''- &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;the head of the household&amp;quot; in his relation to the servants and dependents who 'eat his bread'. &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
This can be compared with OE ''hláf-ǽta'' (literary meaning &amp;quot;bread-eater&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;servant&amp;quot;).  &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The word was later adopted as the customary rendering of Latin ''dominus'' (meaning &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Other meanings-'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In early use- the word applied for any man of exalted position in a kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern use- the word used as equivalent to &amp;quot;nobleman&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In current use- &amp;quot;a peer&amp;quot;, or for a person entitled to the prefix ''Lord'' by courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 14. ct- &amp;quot;an owner, possessor, proprietor&amp;quot; (now poetical, PDE ''landlord'' is preferred)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Lindisfarne Gospel (950 AD)- &amp;quot;a master of servants&amp;quot; (now obsolete)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Anglo-Saxon Chronicle- specific use &amp;quot;a feudal superior&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8322</id>
		<title>Lord</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wikisofia.cz/w/index.php?title=Lord&amp;diff=8322"/>
		<updated>2014-11-14T15:39:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Veronika.Rybkova: Založena nová stránka s textem „'''LORD'''  '''Forms'''-   OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''  ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''         '''Etymological constituents'''-  ''hláf'' (me…“&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''LORD'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Forms'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 OE: ''hláfweard, hláford''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
ME: ''laford, laverd'' → ''lorde, lord''&lt;br /&gt;
       &lt;br /&gt;
'''Etymological constituents'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''hláf'' (meaning &amp;quot;bread&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;loaf&amp;quot;) + ''weard'' (meaning &amp;quot;keeper&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ward&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phonological development-'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
14. ct- dropping of the intervocalic ''v'' + contraction of vowels → monosyllabic word ''lord''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Primary meaning'''-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;quot;the head of the household&amp;quot; in his relation to the servants and dependents who 'eat his bread'.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 This can be compared with OE ''hláf-ǽta'' (literary meaning &amp;quot;bread-eater&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;servant&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 The word was later adopted as the customary rendering of Latin ''dominus'' (meaning &amp;quot;master&amp;quot;). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Other meanings-'''&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In early use- the word applied for any man of exalted position in a kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In modern use- the word used as equivalent to &amp;quot;nobleman&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In current use- &amp;quot;a peer&amp;quot;, or for a person entitled to the prefix ''Lord'' by courtesy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 14. ct- &amp;quot;an owner, possessor, proprietor&amp;quot; (now poetical, PDE ''landlord'' is preferred)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Lindisfarne Gospel (950 AD)- &amp;quot;a master of servants&amp;quot; (now obsolete)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Anglo-Saxon Chronicle- specific use &amp;quot;a feudal superior&amp;quot;.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Veronika.Rybkova</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>