Etymologies: Porovnání verzí

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== Harbour ==
 
Harbour (BE)/Harbor (AmE)<ref> "harbour." OED Online Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web 3 March 2015. </ref>
 
* ME word has been assumed to be taken from Norse, but the phonology points rather to an OE type (might be taken from Norse).
 
  
* The history shows two lines of phonetic change:
+
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harbor}}[[Kategorie: Anglistika-amerikanistika|*]]<nowiki/>
** her -> her
 
** the weakening of the second element to –ber, -bor, -bour
 
** The current form “harbour” exhibits both of these changes.
 
 
 
* Various spellings – it appears in modern-day form (both BE and AmE) in 17th century
 
* Meanings:
 
 
 
** a. Shelter, lodging, entertainment: sojourn, abode – as early as mid-12th century (spelled as herbyrȝe) 
 
** b. The “house,” mansion, zodiac (Chaucer)
 
** c. Retreat of wild animals
 
** d. Used figuratively
 
** e. Port (late 13th century)
 
** f. Airship shed/hangar (1909, 1912)
 
** g. A vessel used for mixing ingredients for glass making (19th century)
 
** h. A number of compounds
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harbor}}
 
<references/>
 
 
 
== Sinister<ref>“sinister” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 3 Mar 2015 <http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180206?redirectedFrom=sinister#eid>.</ref> ==
 
 
 
'''forms:'''
 
 
 
ME: synystre, synistre, sinistre; syne-, sinester; syny-, syni-, sinister; senestre, sene-, seni-, senyster
 
 
 
ModE: sinister
 
 
 
stress: siˈnister (17th, 18th ct.), ˈsinister
 
 
 
- from Old French senestre, sinistre or Latin sinister (meaning 'left' or 'left-hand' - the opposite of dexter; the original meaning is present in ModE but mainly archaic/used in Heraldry)
 
 
 
'''meanings:'''
 
 
 
*original meaning: on the left side of the body; lying towards the left hand; situated on the left hand of a shield (Heraldry)
 
 
 
*given with intent to deceive or mislead, esp. so as to create a prejudice against some person; false and dishonest - about information, suggestions, advice, etc. (obsolete - 15th, 16th century)
 
 
 
*prejudicial, adverse, unfavourable, suspicious - about opinions (15th-17th ct.) - e.g. Some evil Suspicion or sinister Thoughts concerning me.
 
 
 
*dishonest, unfair; not straightforward, underhand; dark - about actions, practices (common in 1470-1650)
 
 
 
*corrupt, evil, bad - e.g. He speaks of bad manners and vitious humors and sinister affections,..as envy, contention, contumacy, incontinency.
 
 
 
*portending or indicating misfortune or disaster; full of dark or gloomy suggestiveness; inauspicious, unfavourable - about omens (originally denoting omens seen on the left hand, which was regarded as the unlucky side)
 
 
 
*unlucky, unfortunate (common in 1580-1670)
 
 
 
*unfavourable, harmful, prejudicial to a person
 
<references/>
 
 
 
== '''DEXTEROUS'''<references/>http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/51667?redirectedFrom=dexterous#eid''', adj.''' ==
 
'''Forms: '''dextrous, adj.;''' '''dexterious adj.,
 
 
 
'''Pronunciation: ''' /ˈdɛkstərəs/ /ˈdɛkstrəs/
 
 
 
'''Etymology:  '''< Latin dexter, dextr- right, handy, dexterous, dextra the right hand + -OUS suffix. If an analogous word had been formed in Latin, it would have been dextrōsus; hence dextrous (compare sinistrous) is the more regular form; but dexterous appears to prevail in 19th cent. prose.
 
 
 
'''meanings:'''
 
 
 
* Situated on the right side or right-hand; right, as opposed to left; = DEXTER adj. 1, DEXTRAL adj., --> ''Example: ''1646  SIR T. BROWNE Pseudodoxia Epidemica IV. v. 190  “The dextrous and sinistrous parts of the body.”
 
* Deft or nimble of hand, neat-handed
 
* Having mental adroitness or skill; skilful or expert in contrivance or management
 
* In a bad sense: ‘Clever’, crafty, cunning.
 
* Handy, convenient, suitable, fitting. ''Obs.''
 

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