Girl: Porovnání verzí
(Založena nová stránka s textem „== Girl ==<br /> === Forms<sup>1</sup> ===<br /> ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…<br /> ModE: girl<br /> === Etymology<sup>2</sup> ===<br /> Origin unkn…“) |
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| (Nejsou zobrazeny 3 mezilehlé verze od stejného uživatele.) | |||
| Řádek 1: | Řádek 1: | ||
| − | == Girl == | + | == Girl == |
| − | === Forms<sup>1</sup> === | + | === Forms<sup>1</sup> === |
ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…<br /> | ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…<br /> | ||
ModE: girl<br /> | ModE: girl<br /> | ||
| − | === Etymology<sup>2</sup> === | + | === Etymology<sup>2</sup> === |
Origin unknown<br /> | Origin unknown<br /> | ||
Several theories:<br /> | Several theories:<br /> | ||
Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon<br /> | Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon<br /> | ||
| − | + | ME word shows the reflex of the attested OE word gyrela (dress, apparel) <br /> | |
A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c | A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | Phonological development<sup>3</sup> | + | === Phonological development<sup>3</sup> === |
The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.<br /> | The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.<br /> | ||
Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ<br /> | Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ<br /> | ||
The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.<br /> | The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.<br /> | ||
| − | === Original meaning<sup>4</sup> === | + | |
| + | === Original meaning<sup>4</sup> === | ||
Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)<br /> | Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)<br /> | ||
| − | === Other meanings<sup>5</sup> === | + | === Other meanings<sup>5</sup> === |
* A young or relatively young woman (1375) | * A young or relatively young woman (1375) | ||
| Řádek 30: | Řádek 31: | ||
* A female servant or domestic employee (1688) | * A female servant or domestic employee (1688) | ||
* A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835) | * A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835) | ||
| − | * US slang for cocaine | + | * US slang for cocaine<br /> |
| + | |||
| + | === References === | ||
| + | 1. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br /> | ||
| + | 2. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br /> | ||
| + | 3. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br /> | ||
| + | 4. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br /> | ||
| + | 5. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >. | ||
Aktuální verze z 25. 11. 2014, 23:29
Obsah
Girl
Forms1
ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…
ModE: girl
Etymology2
Origin unknown
Several theories:
Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon
ME word shows the reflex of the attested OE word gyrela (dress, apparel)
A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c
Phonological development3
The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.
Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ
The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.
Original meaning4
Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)
Other meanings5
- A young or relatively young woman (1375)
- A woman of any age (often derogatory)
- A female child. The counterpart of boy. (1375)
- A sweetheart, a girlfriend; a wife. (colloquial) (1513)
- A prostitute. Recorded earliest in girl of the game, †girl of ease. (1662)
- A female servant or domestic employee (1688)
- A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835)
- US slang for cocaine
References
1. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
2. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
3. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
4. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
5. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
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