|
|
| (Není zobrazeno 11 mezilehlých verzí od 7 dalších uživatelů.) |
| Řádek 1: |
Řádek 1: |
| − | == Harbour ==
| |
| − | Harbour (BE)/Harbor (AmE)<ref> "harbour." OED Online Oxford University Press, March 2015. Web 3 March 2015. </ref>
| |
| − | * ME word has been assumed to be taken from Norse, but the phonology points rather to an OE type (might be taken from Norse).
| |
| | | | |
| − | * The history shows two lines of phonetic change:
| + | {{DEFAULTSORT:Harbor}}[[Kategorie: Anglistika-amerikanistika|*]]<nowiki/> |
| − | ** her -> her
| |
| − | ** the weakening of the second element to –ber, -bor, -bour
| |
| − | ** The current form “harbour” exhibits both of these changes.
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Various spellings – it appears in modern-day form (both BE and AmE) in 17th century
| |
| − | * Meanings:
| |
| − | | |
| − | ** a. Shelter, lodging, entertainment: sojourn, abode – as early as mid-12th century (spelled as herbyrȝe)
| |
| − | ** b. The “house,” mansion, zodiac (Chaucer)
| |
| − | ** c. Retreat of wild animals
| |
| − | ** d. Used figuratively
| |
| − | ** e. Port (late 13th century)
| |
| − | ** f. Airship shed/hangar (1909, 1912)
| |
| − | ** g. A vessel used for mixing ingredients for glass making (19th century)
| |
| − | ** h. A number of compounds
| |
| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Harbor}} | |
| − | <references/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Sinister<ref>“sinister” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 3 Mar 2015 <http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180206?redirectedFrom=sinister#eid>.</ref> ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''forms:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | ME: synystre, synistre, sinistre; syne-, sinester; syny-, syni-, sinister; senestre, sene-, seni-, senyster
| |
| − | | |
| − | ModE: sinister
| |
| − | | |
| − | stress: siˈnister (17th, 18th ct.), ˈsinister
| |
| − | | |
| − | - from Old French senestre, sinistre or Latin sinister (meaning 'left' or 'left-hand' - the opposite of dexter; the original meaning is present in ModE but mainly archaic/used in Heraldry)
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''meanings:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | *original meaning: on the left side of the body; lying towards the left hand; situated on the left hand of a shield (Heraldry)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *given with intent to deceive or mislead, esp. so as to create a prejudice against some person; false and dishonest - about information, suggestions, advice, etc. (obsolete - 15th, 16th century)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *prejudicial, adverse, unfavourable, suspicious - about opinions (15th-17th ct.) - e.g. Some evil Suspicion or sinister Thoughts concerning me.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *dishonest, unfair; not straightforward, underhand; dark - about actions, practices (common in 1470-1650)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *corrupt, evil, bad - e.g. He speaks of bad manners and vitious humors and sinister affections,..as envy, contention, contumacy, incontinency.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *portending or indicating misfortune or disaster; full of dark or gloomy suggestiveness; inauspicious, unfavourable - about omens (originally denoting omens seen on the left hand, which was regarded as the unlucky side)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *unlucky, unfortunate (common in 1580-1670)
| |
| − | | |
| − | *unfavourable, harmful, prejudicial to a person
| |
| − | <references/>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == '''DEXTEROUS'''<ref>http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/51667?redirectedFrom=dexterous#eid</ref> ==
| |
| − | '''Forms: '''dextrous, adj.;''' '''dexterious adj.,
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Pronunciation: ''' /ˈdɛkstərəs/ /ˈdɛkstrəs/
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Etymology: '''< Latin dexter, dextr- right, handy, dexterous, dextra the right hand + -OUS suffix. If an analogous word had been formed in Latin, it would have been dextrōsus; hence dextrous (compare sinistrous) is the more regular form; but dexterous appears to prevail in 19th cent. prose.
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''meanings:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Situated on the right side or right-hand; right, as opposed to left; = DEXTER adj. 1, DEXTRAL adj., --> ''Example: '''''1646 ''' SIR T. BROWNE Pseudodoxia Epidemica IV. v. 190 “The dextrous and sinistrous parts of the body.”
| |
| − | * In a bad sense: ‘Clever’, crafty, cunning. ''Obs. ''
| |
| − | * Handy, convenient, suitable, fitting. ''Obs.''
| |
| − | * Deft or nimble of hand, neat-handed
| |
| − | * Having mental adroitness or skill; skilful or expert in contrivance or management | |
| − | | |
| − | == Glamour ==
| |
| − | '''Forms''': ''glamer'', ''glamor, glammar, glamour''
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Pronunciation''': /ˈɡlæmə(r)/
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Etymology''': originally coming from Scots as a corrupt form of ''grammar''
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Meaning''':
| |
| − | * magic, enchantment, spell (e.g. in the phrase to cast the glamour over sb)
| |
| − | * a dellusive or alluring charm
| |
| − | * attractiveness; feminine beauty
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Warlock ==
| |
| − | '''Pronunciation''': /ˈwɔːlɒk/
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Forms''':<ref name=":0">“warlock.” The Oxford English Dictionary. Available on <www.oed.com> 9 March 2015.</ref> OE ''wǽrloga, wérloga'' ME ''warlou, werlau, werlaw, warlock, warelocke''
| |
| − | | |
| − | - the form used in PDE appears first in Scots in the 16th century when the ending ''-ck'' was added to mean “a male equivalent of a ''witch''”<ref name=":1">“warlock.” Harper, D. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2001. Available on <www.etymonline.com> 9 March 2015.</ref>
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Present-day meaning''':<ref name=":0" /> “One in league with the Devil and so possessing occult and evil powers; a sorcerer, wizard.”
| |
| − | | |
| − | '''Can be found in'''<ref name=":0" />:
| |
| − | # ''Judith'' - refers to a wicked person
| |
| − | # ''Cursor Mundi'' - refers to a damned soul in hell, the Devil, Satan, monstrous creature
| |
| − | # ''Morte Arthure'' - refers to a traitor
| |
| − | '''Etymology''':<ref name=":0" /> in OE used as a weak masculine noun ''wǽr-loga'' which meant ''a traitor, an enemy, or the evil''
| |
| − | | |
| − | <u>two lexemes:</u>
| |
| − | # '''''wǽr''''' (derived from OE adjective ''wǽr'' = "true") = strong feminine noun meaning "a covenant, the truth, a vow or a solemn promise'','' faith" (as in Slavonic languages - Czech ''víra'') - from Proto-Germanic *''wera''- (cognates: Old High German ''wara ''"truth," Old Norse ''varar'' "solemn promise, vow"), from PIE *''were-o''- "true, trustworthy"<ref name=":1" />
| |
| − | # '''''loga''''' = a noun usually used as an agent, derived from OE verb'' léogan'' = "to tell a lie" (of a Germanic origin, also connected with Slavonic languages - ''lhát'')
| |
| − | => original primary sense was thus '''an oath-breaker''' but already in OE period, it was often applied to '''the Devil''', due to the language in scriptures, it became to be used for '''magicians''' and''' savage monsters'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | <u>Other possible meanings</u>:<ref name=":0" />
| |
| − | * '''fetters, a shackle''': OE waru => ware = guard + loc = lock; as a verb: to secure with fetters
| |
| − | * sometimes applied as same as '''charlock''' = field mustard (the plant)
| |
| − | * might have been originally a Norwegian word meaning '''a pile of stones'''
| |
| − | * as a verb: '''to bar oneself against a hostile invasion'''
| |
