Praguian Typology of Languages: Porovnání verzí

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==== Mutual Favourability of Fixed Word Order and Arcitles ====
 
  
* The '''Isolating''' (Analytical) type of language, i.e. English, has, as one of its defining properties, an abundance of function words
 
* This fact leads to no need for many word endings because many of functions which in other types of languages might require a large amount of word endings are dealt with via '''grammatically fixed word order'''
 
* The abundance of function words, including a substantial amount of monosyllabic ones, leads to a heavy '''dependance on vowels to distinguish the words'''.
 
* That leads to a '''large amount of simple naming units''' which leads to conversion or word classes being commonplace as well with the lexicon being only weakly organized by means such as affixation.
 
* Another feature is occurence of prepositional cases and embedded clauses.
 
* Ultimately, infinitives and possessive constructions exhibit prepositions and '''articles have the form of function words'''
 
 
==== Inflection Suffices With a Single Ending X Agglutination Languages Require Several Affixes ====
 
 
* Agglutination grammatical '''affixes are not differentiated''' from the derivational ones
 
* Inflection languages have in their stem alterations implied '''accumulation of functions''' in their endings (which express case, number and gender or person, number, tense and mood)
 
* The accumulation of functions opens up possibilies for the '''inflection languages to convey the topic/focus articulation via word order as opposed to the agglutination languages'''
 
 
===== How is this reflected on phonetic level? =====
 
 
* Agglutination languages produce much longer '''polysyllabic words''' and thus their '''reliance on vowels''' is '''lower''' which leads to possibility of '''vowel harmony'''
 
* Inflection languages are more reliant on vowels than agglutination languages.
 
 
===== What is the typological relevance of grammatical gender? =====
 
 
* Genders are in agglutination languages absent as is congruence.
 
* Because of the functions of inflection endings the adjectives, which have their endings as well, express congruence as well as gender.
 

Aktuální verze z 28. 9. 2023, 18:36