Girl: Porovnání verzí

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Řádek 1: Řádek 1:
== Girl ==<br />
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== Girl ==
  
=== Forms<sup>1</sup> ===<br />
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=== Forms<sup>1</sup> ===
  
 
ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…<br />
 
ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…<br />
 
ModE: girl<br />
 
ModE: girl<br />
=== Etymology<sup>2</sup> ===<br />
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=== Etymology<sup>2</sup> ===
  
 
Origin unknown<br />
 
Origin unknown<br />
 
Several theories:<br />
 
Several theories:<br />
 
Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon<br />
 
Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon<br />
ME word shows the reflex of the attested OE word gyrela (dress, apparel) <br />
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ME word shows the reflex of the attested OE word gyrela (dress, apparel) <br />
 
A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c  
 
A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c  
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
Phonological development<sup>3</sup><br />
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=== Phonological development<sup>3</sup> ===
 
The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.<br />
 
The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.<br />
 
Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ<br />
 
Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ<br />
 
The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.<br />
 
The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.<br />
=== Original meaning<sup>4</sup> ===<br />
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=== Original meaning<sup>4</sup> ===
  
 
Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)<br />
 
Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)<br />
=== Other meanings<sup>5</sup> ===<br />
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=== Other meanings<sup>5</sup> ===
  
 
* A young or relatively young woman (1375)
 
* A young or relatively young woman (1375)
Řádek 30: Řádek 31:
 
* A female servant or domestic employee (1688)
 
* A female servant or domestic employee (1688)
 
* A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835)
 
* A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835)
* US slang for cocaine
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* US slang for cocaine<br />
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=== References ===
 +
1. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br />
 +
2. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br />
 +
3. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br />
 +
4. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.<br />
 +
5. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.

Aktuální verze z 26. 11. 2014, 00:29

Girl

Forms1

ME: gyrle, garl, geerl, gyrle…
ModE: girl

Etymology2

Origin unknown
Several theories:
Unrecorded OE form *gyrela (the diminutive suffix -el) from Proto-Germanic *gurwilon
ME word shows the reflex of the attested OE word gyrela (dress, apparel)
A borrowing from another West Germanic language: Middle Low German: Gör (small child) 16c


Phonological development3

The unpalatalized initial consonant (ME) forms could perhaps be explained as the result of the influence of a northern form.
Others suggest an Anglian form with retraction of æ to a before r plus another consonant in a labial environment> i-mutation to æ
The ME forms suggest that the word is the reflex of an Old English word with y, or at the least of a word whose stem vowel was identified in early ME with the various reflexes (spelt u, i,and e ) of OE y.

Original meaning4

Child of either sex; a young person. Now Irish English (1300)

Other meanings5

  • A young or relatively young woman (1375)
  • A woman of any age (often derogatory)
  • A female child. The counterpart of boy. (1375)
  • A sweetheart, a girlfriend; a wife. (colloquial) (1513)
  • A prostitute. Recorded earliest in girl of the game, †girl of ease. (1662)
  • A female servant or domestic employee (1688)
  • A black female servant or domestic employee. (derogatory and offensive) (1835)
  • US slang for cocaine

References

1. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
2. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
3. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
4. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.
5. “girl.” The Oxford English Dictionary. www.oed.com 25 Nov. 2014 < http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.is.cuni.cz/view/Entry/78475?rskey=oEvGY6&result=1#eid >.